Hi! I just started learning forge yesterday and ran into the same issue. I couldn’t find any documentation about these changes, but I found a way to add effects to food like this: 
	 
 
public class ChakChakItem extends Item {
    private static final FoodComponent FOOD_COMPONENT = new FoodComponent.Builder()
            .nutrition(16)
            .saturationModifier(0.4f)
            .build();
    private static final ConsumableComponent CONSUMABLE_COMPONENT = ConsumableComponents.food()
            .consumeEffect(new ApplyEffectsConsumeEffect(
                    new StatusEffectInstance(StatusEffects.SPEED, 15 * 20, 1), 1.0f))
            .build();
    public ChakChakItem() {
        super(new Item.Settings()
                .food(FOOD_COMPONENT, CONSUMABLE_COMPONENT)
                .registryKey(RegistryKey.of(
                        RegistryKeys.ITEM,
                        Identifier.of(ChakChakMod.MOD_ID, "chak_chak")
                )));
    }
}
	If the code isn’t perfect, I apologize. 
	Hopefully, others here can help us find a better solution.