Thank you for the response, but I do understand what forge does. My issue is that none of the tutorials explain very well how forge works.
Let's say I want to increase the damage done by ender pearls to the thrower. I would go in to net.minecraft.src.EntityEnderPearl and change onImpact() so that it says for example
this.getThrower().attackEntityFrom(DamageSource.fall, 10);
instead of
this.getThrower().attackEntityFrom(DamageSource.fall, 5);
My overall question is not "how do I use forge to increase ender pearl damage?" it is "how do I translate a modding technique from base class modding procedure to forge modding procedure?"