At some point, I noticed there were no hostile mobs during the night. The same goes for deep mine shafts, no hostile mobs. Apart from monster spawners, those work.
I began do deactivate the mods I got installed, but none of them fixed the issue, however, the mobs startet spawning again, when I ran vanilla MC without Forge. So it seems to be a forge issue.
Running MC 1.7.2 with Forge 10.12.0.1027, however, I got the same issue with 10.12.0.1022 and 1023 too (didn't try the versions between '23 and '27, and I don't know about the versions before '22).
Java 1.7.0_51-b13 64Bit on Windows 7 64Bit
PS: I would have liked to attach the fml-client-latest.log, but I get an error "Cannot access attachments upload path!" when I try to