What I am trying to accomplish is similar to how VoxelMap stores map data.
A chunk is loaded or re-loaded on the client. Simply put, my mod catches the event and finds all 16x16x256 blocks in the chunk, storing an array of data for each individual block into a text file called chunk_x_y.
block 0: blockID,blockState,timestamp
block 1: blockID,blockState,timestamp
block 2: blockID,blockState,timestamp
block 3 ...
(of course it won't be stored in that format, but it's effectively how the data will be stored)