So I'm creating this recipe and I want it so that you need 10 of an item in one spot in the crafting table (totalling an amount of 50 items needed) to craft an item. How do I do this?

You don't, only 1 item, however you can try using a bigger crafting table (either make yours or use something like extended crafting) or just use some sort of compressor machine (from tech reborn maybe?) and add a recipe.

 

Otherwise you cannot.