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I mean, you CAN, but you're not going to get any help working with it here.

Predicate is just a functional interface that takes a given argument and returns true or false. You can learn more about finctional interfaces and lambdas here So in your case something like e -> e != thrower && e != this would work just fine. Also don't bump, this is not a chat room. Your post is within the top 10 recent posts, there is no reason to bump it.

A shader is a program that executes on your GPU. It gets some data as an input and it outputs some data. That's all there is to them. When opengl renders stuff it goes through various passes, during which it may interact with the currently active shader program. An interaction in this case would be opengl passing some data to the program and collecting the results. Write one, bind it before rendering and you are done. Of course shaders are fairly complex and difficult to discribe like that. There are many resources online that introduce you to shaders. Just keep in mind that minecraft isn't exactly shader friendly, as in it's rendering engine is a huge mess of pre 3.0 and post 3.0 GL code. https://learnopengl.com/Getting-started/Shaders is a good one I am personally aware of, but apart from that just google "opengl shaders tutorial" and I am sure you can find a lot of information out there.

Yes

Using a PooledMutableBlockPos and scanning 35x35x35 isn’t too expensive, but a better way would be to iterate Chunk#loadedTileEntityList

Your logger should be a reference to LogManager.getLogger(); (org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager)