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That's exactly what I was looking for! Thank you!

When you toss an item the itemstack is modified, and since you only pass a reference of the player itemstacks to your capability, those itemstacks will also shrink. Copy the stacks with .copy() in your detonate method when you save the itemstacks to create new identical itemstacks instead. However this also means that you can now duplicate items by saving, tossing items, and revert, since you will get your items back, and still have the old items on the ground. P.S. Interesting mod

Use the minecraft:item_nbt ingredient type. Set the nbt property to the NBT data you want. I don't have any examples of the minecraft:item_nbt ingredient type, but you can see an example of a recipe output with NBT (which uses the same properties) here.