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As someone who has been in a Programming Apprenticeship for nearly a year now, I agree with this statement but it is missing one important piece of information: clear aspirations, concrete goals and knowing what you need to learn (understanding of the domain you are about to dabble in). There have been many instances where I have tried to learn something on my own but I have not had a solid goal in mind. However, in this entire (nearly) year, I have learned 200% the amount of stuff I learned in the ~3 years prior. And no, that isn't entirely an exaggeration. I am just as shocked as you all will be at the sheer volume of stuff I have learned. But that is the effect that having concrete goals and sources of Domain Knowledge can (and will) have on your learning. Clear Aspirations just help you along in order to keep focused rather than fall into a Rabbit Hole (genuine technical term) and not make much progress. In terms of resources, you have these forums (for Domain Knowledge regarding Minecraft Forge), r/learnjava (for Domain Knowledge regarding Java) and you have so many sources of goals. Go ahead and try re-creating existing mods. If you spend an entire day struggling to figure out how to implement a specific piece of functionality for a mod, that's an indicator that you should leave it until you have more experience. All in all, if you have the determination to learn, there are plenty of resources out there on the internet. You only need to fire up Google and search for those resources.

You are not creating your throwable entitiy correctly. You need to tell it to be shot into a direction, and you are not telling it to do so. See how vanilla shoots it's projectiles at ItemSnowball for example. Literally every single one of your issues is fixed by adding the EntityProjectile#shoot call. Yes, I've debugged it If you want to play the "swing" animation return false in your override of Item#onEntitySwing. Edit: Oh, almost forgot. Instead of doing this Store the entity's starting position and check when the distance between the current position and the starting one is greater or equal to 100*100(don't do the check that calculates the sqrt for you that's not needed in this case). Of course you must make sure that your entity won't stop - so it needs to go through all blocks and have a constant velocity.

This usually means you have the wrong version of Optifine.

For vanilla. 2g+ is recommended for modded

What’s your resistance to uploading your code? We’re not going to steal it...

-Xmx512M That right there is your issue. Here, you are only giving Java 512MB of RAM. At least 1GB is recommended.